2022/08/04 專家認為利用太陽能將二氧化碳轉化為噴射機燃料是可行的

專家認為利用太陽能將二氧化碳轉化為噴射機燃料是可行的
Using solar energy to transform CO₂ into jet fuel need of hour, say experts
發表日期：2022-7-30
作者：Naina Mishra；翻譯：林詩軒；校稿：吳名翊
引用來源：https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/using-solar-energy-to-transform-co2-into-jet-fuel-need-of-hour-say-experts-417320
 

參考要點: 氫氣和一氧化碳的混合物「合成氣體」，可減少對化石燃料的依賴。如果未來航空業使用太陽能產生的噴射機燃料，可減少化石燃料的使用，並解決能源危機。
 
『相關字彙』：synthesis gas（合成氣體）、carbon neutral fuel（碳中和燃料）、hydrogen（氫氣）、carbon monoxide （一氧化碳）、liquid hydrocarbons（液態碳氫化合物）、kerosene（煤油）、decarbonisation（脫碳）、solar kerosene（太陽能煤油）、redox catalyst（氧化還原催化劑）
 
對航空部門而言，氣候變遷問題和消耗衍生化石燃料的嚴格環境規定，為二氧化碳轉化為永續燃料的方法，創造了重大機會和科學挑戰。
Climate change concerns and strict environmental rules to deplete fossil-derived fuels have created significant opportunities and major scientific challenges for transforming CO₂ into sustainable fuels, especially for the aviation sector.
瑞士科學家最近開發僅需要使用水、二氧化碳和陽光作為動力的噴射引擎，在碳中性燃料這一領域取得了重大成功。在高溫下，二氧化碳和水分解成氫氣、一氧化碳和氧氣。氫氣和一氧化碳的混合物，稱為「合成氣體」，可轉化為液態碳氫化合物，如汽油或煤油。
The recent development of carbon neutral fuel by Swiss scientists that only uses water, carbon dioxide and sunlight to power jet engines is a major success in this area. At high temperature, carbon dioxide and water dissociate into hydrogen, carbon monoxide and oxygen. The hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixture, known as synthesis gas or ‘syngas’, can then be converted into liquid hydrocarbons such as petrol or kerosene
專家建議，合成氣體可減少我們對化石燃料的嚴重依賴，並減少航空部門的碳足跡，這是朝著脫碳和解決能源危機邁出的一步。
Experts suggest that it has a potential to reduce our heavy dependence on fossil fuels and also reduce carbon footprint in the aviation sector, which is a step towards decarbonisation and resolve energy crisis.
 
印度理工學院羅帕爾，機械系助理教授Lipika Kabiraj博士說：「將二氧化碳(CO₂)和水(H₂O)轉化為合成氣體本身並不是什麼新鮮事。但近期的初步實施報告改變了遊戲規則，從大氣中提取二氧化碳是一種具有巨大潛力的顛覆性技術，同時還提供了碳中和燃料。」
“The conversion of CO₂ and H₂O to syngas and itself is not new. But the prototype implementation reported in the recent development is a game changer — a disruptive technology with great potential to provide carbon-neutral fuels, especially if the CO₂ required is extracted from the atmosphere,”said Dr Lipika Kabiraj, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar.
Kabiraj博士說，一旦將使用太陽能的噴射機燃料用於航空，捕獲的碳（大氣中的二氧化碳）將再次釋放。雖然排放量沒有減少，但新流程中使用的煤油減少了航空部門對化石燃料的依賴，理想情況下不會在大氣中產生比現有的碳還更多。她建議該方法必須與其他碳捕集/永續/低排放技術相結合，長期減少大氣中的碳總量。然而，在減少化石燃料的使用方面，是朝著脫碳方向邁出正確的一步。
Dr Kabiraj says that once jet fuel generated using solar energy is used in aviation, carbon captured (CO₂ from atmosphere) will be released again. Although emissions are not reduced, the use of kerosene from the new process reduces the dependence of aviation sector on fossil fuel and ideally does not produce more carbon in the atmosphere than what was already existing. She suggested that the method must be combined with other carbon capture/sustainable/low emission technologies to reduce the total amount of carbon in the atmosphere in the long run. However, in reducing the use of fossil fuels, it is a step in the right direction towards decarbonisation.
印度理工學院羅巴爾校區（IIT-Ropar）的教授表示，印度是第九大航空市場，制定和實施重要法規以控制二氧化碳排放量印度責無旁貸。印度民航貢獻了二氧化碳（CO₂）排放總量的約1%，遠低於全球平均。
The IIT-Ropar professor said India being the ninth-largest aviation market, there was a huge responsibility on it to draw up and implement significant regulations to keep CO₂ emissions in check. The Indian civil aviation industry contributes about 1 per cent of total carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, which is considerably less than the global average.
「印度絕對可以利用太陽能發電來減少對化石燃料的依賴，並幫助解決能源危機」羅巴爾校區(IIT-Ropar)的教授補充。
“The country can definitely harness the potential of solar energy in generating fuel to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and also help with country’s energy crisis,” she said.
印度昌迪加爾醫學教育研究所（PGI）的頂級環境科學家Ravindra Khaiwal博士說：「永續航空燃料對於航空業的脫碳至關重要。燃燒時，釋放的二氧化碳（CO₂）與生產時吸收的二氧化碳（CO₂）一樣多。因此，不會排放額外的二氧化碳。Nature（最具權威的學術期刊）的一項研究指出，『太陽能煤油』一旦大規模生產，每公升成本將落在1.35至2.2美元（約新臺幣40.5至66元）之間。高昂的初期投資費用和未經證實的商業計畫是個阻礙，但該技術也具有環境效益。在印度，陽光將使沙漠成為一個絕佳的生產基地。」
Dr Ravindra Khaiwal, a top environmental scientist from PGI, said: “Sustainable aviation fuels are crucial to decarbonising the sector. When burnt, fuels release as much carbon dioxide (CO₂) as they absorb when created. Therefore, no additional CO₂ is emitted. A study by Nature (a leading multidisciplinary science journal) estimates ‘solar kerosene’ will cost $1.35-$2.2 per litre once mass-produced. High initial investment expenses and an unproven business plan are obstacles, but the technique also has environmental benefits. In India, sunlight will make deserts a great production site.”
印度旁遮普工程學院化學系主任Vasundhara教授說：「這會是一種乾淨的燃料來源，概念上可用於航空領域，如果想進一步升級氧化還原催化劑，就必須仰賴技術商業化。這會是一個高效的噴射機燃料精煉廠，此外，也可望達到碳中和與解決氣候變遷問題。」
Prof Vasundhara, Head of Chemistry Department from Punjab Engineering College, said: “This will be a clean source of fuel which can be used in the aviation sector conceptually. Upscaling for the redox catalyst used is further needed for commercialisation of technology. This will be an efficient jet fuel refinery. Also, it is carbon neutral due to which it will address the issue of climate change.”