推動氣候行動加速，同時調適氣候變遷帶來的影響
Driving accelerated climate action while adapting to the impacts of climate change
發表日期：2023-2-6
作者：Emily Jackson-Kessler；翻譯：林詩軒
引用來源：https://impact.economist.com/sustainability/resilience-and-adaptation/driving-accelerated-climate-action-while-adapting-to-the-impacts-of-climate
『參考要點』：《經濟學人》在實現淨零排放過程中，認為選擇價值鏈的合作夥伴必須在環保方面有優良績效，並且以科學為基礎進行合作才能實現目標。預計在2023年聯合國氣候變遷大會（COP28）會議上持續呼籲推動私營部門採用透明且可衡量和可信的淨零目標，加速實現減排。
『相關字彙』：net zero（淨零）、value chain（價值鏈）、The Economist（經濟學人）
在2023年開始之際，一直在反思能通往更永續的淨零排放道路，這一點尤其重要，因為我們看到極端氣候擾亂了美國的各產業和供應鏈，我們合作夥伴的印刷設備因美國加州的洪水而關閉，阻礙了我們向美加西岸讀者出版報紙的能力。
As we start 2023, I have been reflecting on our pathway to a more sustainable net-zero future. This is particularly relevant as we see climate-related extreme weather conditions disrupting our business and supply chain in the US, where our partner’s print facility is closed due to flooding in California, hampering our ability to produce and deliver the newspaper to readers on the west coast of the US and Canada.
根據科學模型，氣溫上升和天氣狀況惡化將持續下去，並且會根據大氣中溫室氣體的水平變化做出緩慢反應。明顯的是，針對環境、社會和經濟的需求限制使過往的一切做法變得不永續。在此時空背景下，未來幾個月將會密切關注以下三個關鍵領域，以推動氣候議程發展：
According to scientific models, rising temperatures and worsening weather conditions are here to stay, and will only respond slowly to changes in the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. It is increasingly evident that environmental limitations, and social and economic needs, render a business-as-usual approach unsustainable. Against this backdrop these are the three key areas that I will be looking at closely over the next months to drive our climate agenda forward:
- 通往淨零道路：為什麼我們的價值鏈很重要
- Pathway to net zero: Why our value chain matters
- 2023年聯合國氣候變遷大會（COP28）：共同目標背後的全球盤點和加速行動
- COP28: Global stock-take and accelerated action behind a common goal
- 氣候和自然影響的調適：在COP15上完成的全球生物多樣性架構對企業意味著什麼？氣候相關財務揭露（TCFD）和自然相關財務揭露（TNFD）等工具如何幫助我們了解氣候變遷和喪失生物多樣性的風險和機遇？
- Adaptation to climate- and nature-related impacts: What does the Global Biodiversity Framework finalised at COP15 mean for business? How can tools like the Taskforces for Climate-related Financial Disclosures（TCFD）and Nature-related Financial Disclosures（TNFD）help us understand the risks and opportunities of climate change and biodiversity loss?
實現淨零排放並推動氣候變遷議程向前發展：為什麼我們的價值鏈很重要
Pathway to net zero and driving the climate change agenda forward: why our value chain matters
在
《經濟學人》組織裡，推動氣候行動方面可以透過《經濟學人》的讀物產生最大影響。就我們自身對環境的影響而言，《經濟學人》必須充當負責任的管家，並且目前也已經制定了一個經過驗證的、基於科學的近期目標，按照攝氏1.5度的路徑減少我們的排放，為了實現淨零排放這一雄心，參與價值鏈這件事至關重要。《經濟學人》組織裡約95%的碳足跡來自合作夥伴提供的商品和服務，因此漸進式的改進是實現這一目標的一部分，透過進行有深度且廣泛的碳減排行動以實現淨零排放，這會需要對我們的價值鏈進行合作和創新改變業務方式，只有解開對於永續應用在商業上的誤解，並且認同這是在創造共享價值和培育競爭優勢，轉變才會發生。
At The Economist Group, the greatest impact we can have in driving climate action is through our content. But we must act as responsible stewards in terms of our own impact on the environment, and we have set a validated, science-based near-term target to reduce our emissions in line with a 1.5°C pathway. To achieve this ambition on the pathway to net zero, engaging with our value chain is critical. Around 95% of The Economist Group’s carbon footprint is from goods and services provided by partners to deliver our core products and services. Incremental improvements to products and processes will take us part of the way to this ambition, but we will need deep and wide-reaching cuts in emissions to reach net zero. This will require collaboration and innovation along our value chain to transform the way we do business. And this transformation will only happen if misperceptions about the commercial viability of a more sustainable pathway are overcome, and sustainability is recognised as a way of unlocking shared value and competitive advantage.
我們可以採取一些明確的步驟：
There are some clear steps we can take:
- 透過數據提高我們對價值鏈排放的理解，同時優先採取行動並確定新的減排策略，而不是只會等待收集完美的數據。
- Improve our understanding of value-chain emissions through better data, at the same time prioritising action and identifying new abatement levers, rather than waiting for the perfect data set.
- 挑戰關鍵價值鏈，並以科學為基礎進行合作、有可信且雄心勃勃的目標，並且鼓勵創新不遵循舊法。
- Challenge key value-chain partners to set targets that are science-based, credible and ambitious to encourage innovation and discourage a business-as-usual approach.
- 與我們的價值鏈夥伴進行合作創新，以實現將氣溫上升幅度控制在攝氏1.5度的目標。
- Collaborate and innovate with our value-chain partners behind one common goal of reducing emissions in line with a 1.5°C ambition.
- 確保環境績效是我們選擇供應商的關鍵因素之一。
- Ensure environmental performance is one of the key factors in our supplier selection process.
COP28：全球進展的盤點和加速行動
COP28: Global progress stock-take and accelerated action
希望2023年12月在杜拜阿布扎比舉行的COP28將推動私營部門採取進一步行動，聯合國將在高峰會上分享對實現《巴黎協定》目標的進展進行首次全球盤點後的結論，聯合國資深倡議者，拉贊·哈利法·阿爾·穆巴拉克（Razan Al Mubarak）和馬木德·穆希丁（Mahmoud Mohieldin）尋求加速非國家行動的方法。正如前墨西哥外交部長佩翠西亞·伊斯皮諾薩（Patricia Espinosa）在COP27會議上強調的那樣，私營部門作為全球經濟的主要引擎之一，幫助各國實現國家自主貢獻（NDC）在減少全球排放方面發揮著重要作用。最重要的是，越來越多的公司採用透明且可衡量和可信的淨零目標加速實現減排的進展，我們期待業務合作夥伴的有更多的參與和行動。
I hope that COP28 in Abu Dhabi in December will drive further action from the private sector behind this common goal. The UN is due to share the conclusions of the first global stock-take of progress towards the goals of the Paris agreement at the summit, and the designated UN High-Level Champions, Razan Al Mubarak and Mahmoud Mohieldin, will be seeking to accelerate non-state action. As Patricia Espinosa underlined at Economist Impact’s Countdown to COP27 conference, the private sector, as one of the principal engines of the global economy, plays a vital and legitimate role in helping countries deliver progress on nationally determined contributions（NDCs）to reduce global emissions. It is critical that more and more companies adopt credible net-zero goals that are transparent and measurable, and that accelerate genuine progress towards emissions reductions. We look forward to more engagement and action from our business partners.
調適與氣候和自然相關的影響
Adaptation to climate- and nature-related impacts
除了減輕對環境的影響外，我們還需要了解氣候變遷如何影響我們的商業模式，因為氣溫上升對全球經濟構成重大風險，並影響許多行業。我們最近進行了氣候相關財務揭露，這有助於我們了解和量化不同氣候情景的潛在風險和機遇，這樣做是為了因應對低碳轉型的影響或為快速暖化的地球帶來調適，也是為了讓我們能夠適時地調整策略。
In addition to mitigating our environmental impact, we need to understand how climate change is affecting our business. Rising temperatures pose significant risks to the global economy and will impact many sectors. We recently conducted a TCFD disclosure which has helped us understand and quantify the potential risks and opportunities of different climate scenarios. We did this both to prepare for the transitional impacts of a lower-carbon world—or the adaptational impacts arising from a rapidly warming planet—and to enable us to adapt our strategies accordingly.
與此同時，對大自然造成的影響和風險是我們將在2023年關注的一個領域。在加拿大蒙特婁舉行的COP15上，195個國家簽署了具有里程碑意義的《昆明－蒙特婁全球生物多樣性綱要》，到2030年保護30%陸地和海洋的全球生物多樣性，被譽為是自然界相當於將氣溫上升幅度控制在攝氏1.5度的氣候目標。正如《經濟學人》所寫，保護生物多樣性和自然生態系統以控制排放和氣候變遷是有明確理由的，實際上，巴黎協定的目標只有在停止大自然損失的情況下才能實現。
In parallel, nature-related impacts and risks are an area we will be giving attention to in 2023. At the UN Biodiversity Conference COP15 in Montreal, 195 countries signed the landmark Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework（GBF）—a global goal to protect 30% of land and seas by 2030, hailed as nature’s equivalent of the 1.5°C climate target. As The Economist writes, there is a clear case for safeguarding biodiversity and natural ecosystems to control emissions and climate change. In effect, the goals of the Paris agreement can only be achieved if nature loss is halted.
《昆明－蒙特婁全球生物多樣性綱要》的目標為企業和金融機構制定了明確的措施，要求在與大自然相關的依賴性和風險方面保持透明化，包括向消費者提供訊息以促進永續消費。揭露標準已經整合了自然相關財務揭露和科學基礎目標網絡，最終框架將於2023年發布，除了在2023年採取措施評估《經濟學人》業務對自然的影響外，還將繼續支持阻止生物多樣性喪失的計畫。
Target 15 of the GBF sets out clear measures for businesses and financial institutions, requiring transparency when it comes to nature-related dependencies and risks, including providing information to consumers to promote sustainable consumption. Disclosure standards are already integrating nature, with final frameworks from the TNFD and Science Based Targets Network（SBTN）due to be published this year. In addition to taking steps to assess the impact of our business on nature in 2023, we will also continue to support projects that halt and reverse biodiversity loss.
一線希望：當氣候行動奏效時
A silver lining: when climate action works
以更積極的心態面對，我們知道人類可以透過合作取得偉大成就，最近有消息稱臭氧層正在癒合，能避免對健康和氣候引發災難性的危害，這都歸功於1987年由各國領導人所簽署禁止使用氯氟烴的《蒙特婁議定書》。《經濟學人》發現，在1989年至2013年間《蒙特婁議定書》協助減少了1,350億噸二氧化碳當量的排放，使其成為迄今為止最有效減緩全球暖化的政策。儘管減緩氣候變遷在經濟和社會影響方面要比想像中複雜得多，但這個好消息仍讓我們有理由保持樂觀。
Ending on a more positive note, we know that humankind can achieve great things when it collaborates. The recent news that the ozone layer is healing, avoiding catastrophic harm to health and climate, is the direct success of the Montreal protocol, an international agreement signed by world leaders in 1987 to ban the use of chlorofluorocarbons（CFCs）. The Economist found that the Montreal protocol reduced emissions by 135bn tonnes of carbon-dioxide equivalent between 1989 and 2013, making it the most effective policy to reduce global warming ever implemented. Although climate-change mitigation is much more complex in terms of economic and social impacts, this welcome news does still give me grounds for optimism.